Christiaan Virant

Born in Hong Kong, Virant was educated in south China and has lived in Beijing since the mid-1990s. He was very active in the underground and punk scene in Beijing and in 1999 founded the band FM3, best known as pioneers of electronic experimental music in China.

In 2005, he developed the Buddha Machine loop device with music partner Zhang Jian. And in 2009 he designed and produced the Gristleism loop device in collaboration with legendary English industrial pioneers Throbbing Gristle.